كيف تربّي طفلك على مبدأ السعادة* لمياء المقدم
النشرة الدولية –
علينا أن نعلّم أطفالنا أن يكونوا متفائلين وإيجابيين تجاه أنفسهم والآخرين
رغم أن السعادة مفهوم واسع، وفي الوقت نفسه نسبي، ويختلف من شخص إلى آخر ومن وضع إلى آخر، إلا أن تربيتنا لأبنائنا على أن يكونوا سعداء أمر ممكن ولا يختلف كثيرا عن تربيتهم على الصدق مثلا أو على احترام الآخرين.
التحلي بالسعادة، والتمسك بها كمبدأ وحق رئيسي في الحياة من المسائل التي يجب أن تُنمّى لدى الأطفال منذ الطفولة وتلقّن لهم من جملة المبادئ التربوية الأخرى كمبدأ التحلي بالفضيلة والتواضع مثلا.بعض خبراء التربية يرون أن السعادة وإن اختلفت وفق تركيبة الشخص واحتياجاته بدرجة أولى، إلا أنه ليس من الصعب وضع أسس عامة لمبدأ السعادة، وفي ما يلي عشر خطوات أساسية في التربية على مبدأ السعادة:
1- أول درس في السعادة تعلمه لابنك هو أن تحرص بنفسك على أن تكون سعيدا. السعادة معدية كما يقولون. الأطفال الذين يوجدون في محيط وبيئة سعيدة يكبرون على نفس المنهج ويتحلون بنفس الصفات. كما أن البحوث أثبتت أن ردة فعل الدماغ على الضحك المتأتي من آخرين هي نفسها ردة الفعل على الضحك الصادر عن الشخص نفسه، في المقابل أثبتت نفس البحوث أن الأطفال الذين يربّون من قبل أمهات مكتئبات أو محبطات أو مضطهدات يكون أداؤهم في الدراسة أقل بكثير من أقرانهم.
2- تعليم الطفل وتدريبه على مد علاقات مع الآخرين هما مصدران أساسيان للحصول على السعادة. فالقدرة على التواصل مع الآخرين وبناء علاقات معهم ميزة أساسية في تركيبة الشخصية السعيدة. ويتم بناء هذه القدرة لدى الأطفال عن طريق تشجيعهم على مساعدة الآخرين والقيام بمبادرات لطيفة تجاههم، كتقديم هدايا أو مساعدة أحدهم في شيء ما. وقد أثبتت تجربة أجريت على مرضى التصلب المتعدد، أن مساعدة الآخرين، حتى لو اقتصرت على إجراء مكالمة فقط، مصدر كبير للسعادة.
3- كافئ المحاولة ولا تكافئ النتيجة. بمعنى أن تبتهج لمجرد المحاولة التي يقوم بها طفلك في اتجاه ما. إذا أردت أن تحصل على طفل سعيد لا تركّز على النتائج وإنما على المجهود الذي يبذله الطفل لبلوغ نتيجة ما. الأطفال الذين يكافأون على نتائجهم العالية ينتهي بهم الأمر إلى الاكتئاب أو الخوف أو الإدمان أحيانا، ويصبحون مع الوقت مهووسين برأي الآخرين في مستوى ذكائهم. عكس الأطفال الذين يكافأون على جهودهم وعملهم بغض النظر عن النتيجة، فإنهم يبدون استعدادا أكبر لبذل المزيد من الجهد، ويتميزون بالثقة بالنفس.
4- تربية التفاؤل: علينا أن نعلّم أطفالنا أن يكونوا متفائلين وإيجابيين تجاه أنفسهم والآخرين والقضايا التي تتعلق بهم. الأطفال الذين يتميزون بالتفاؤل أكثر قدرة على التأقلم مع المشاكل وحلها والتعاطي مع المتقلبات، كما أن أداءهم في المدرسة وفي الرياضة يكون أفضل من غيرهم. وقد أثبتت دراسة أجريت على مجموعة من المراهقين أن التفاؤل والتعاطي بإيجابية مع الحياة أهم سبب يمنع انتشار الاكتئاب لدى هذه الفئة العمرية الحرجة.
5- إيجاد عادات للسعادة، ويقصد بها تكرار ممارسات بعينها دافعة إلى السعادة. ورغم أن إيجاد عادات بعينها أمر لا يعد سهلا إلا أنه ممكن، ومن بين هذه العادات: تحديد أهداف قريبة وأخرى بعيدة المدى في كل ما يتعلق بالطفل والسعي نحو تحقيقها دون المبالغة في توقع النتائج. فالنتائج في الحقيقة ليست غاية في حد ذاتها بقدر ما هي وسيلة لتعويد الطفل على التطلع والتوجه نحو هدف معين وتنظيم حياته.
6- السلوك الصحي: التحكم في النفس وضبطها أمام المغريات يؤديان إلى السعادة. تجربة بسيطة في صفوف أطفال وضعت أمامهم قطعة حلوى أثبتت أن الذين لم يستجيبوا للإغراء، أبدوا مؤشرا مبكرا على الذكاء والنجاح والتمتع بقدرات اجتماعية عالية.
7- التشجيع على اللعب: يجب أن يمنح الأطفال الوقت والمساحة الكافية للعب مع أقرانهم أو بمفردهم. اللعب وسط مجموعة يكسب الأطفال الكثير من المهارات مثل التواصل، التفاوض، التعاطي مع الخلافات، التعبير عن النفس، تصريف المشاعر وغيرها من الميزات.
8- أقل قدر ممكن من التلفزيون: الإكثار من مشاهدة التلفزيون يعزل الطفل ويحرمه من ممارسة أنشطة أخرى أكثر قدرة على تنمية مشاعره وتحفيز نموه. وقد أثبتت الدراسات وجود علاقة بين الاكتئاب ومشاهدة التلفزيون لدى الكبار أيضا.
9- الذكاء الحسي: تعويد الطفل على تسمية مشاعره والتعرف عليها والتفريق بينها، وبالأخص الحديث عنها. كما أن الإحساس بمشاعر الآخرين مهم جدا، ويمكن تعويد الطفل على ذلك عبر التحول إلى أحاسيسه والتعامل معها بجدية. إذا كان الطفل غاضبا أو حزينا علينا أن ننتقل إلى نفس منطقته الحسية أولا ومن ثم نحاول التواصل معه.
10- الأكل المشترك: الأكل في أوقات محددة ومع جميع أفراد الأسرة أساس مهم للسعادة. الخبراء يقولون إن العادات الأسرية البسيطة مثل الأكل المشترك تجعل الأطفال أكثر ثباتا وتحميهم من الإدمان، ومن بعض المشاكل النفسية المتعلقة بالأكل مثل إدمان الطعام المرضي أو العزوف المرضي عنه (أنوركسيا).
نقلاً عن صحيفة “العرب”
The low row exercise is a good way to focus on the muscles of your back,
shoulders, and arms. The primary muscles worked throughout a
low row train are the center again muscular tissues, specifically the latissimus dorsi, rhomboids,
and trapezius. There are plenty of muscle tissue in your back, and many have two or extra features.
For instance, the lats are liable for shoulder adduction and shoulder
extension. Pulldown-type actions involve principally shoulder adduction, whereas rowing actions involve more shoulder extension. So, should you don’t like them, you don’t have to do them if you don’t want to.
Typically, you carry out the seated cable row using
a “cable row machine,” although you ought to use another cable pulley machine if there isn’t a cable row machine at your health club.
Generally additionally called the “cable seated row,” this train successfully
trains your complete back (yes, even your lats).
Since you carry out it sitting upright, it locations much much less
stress in your spine, making it a wonderful choice
for individuals with lower-back issues. The seated cable row
develops the muscle tissue of the back and the forearms.
It is a superb all-around compound train for developing the middle again while
providing useful arm work as nicely. Since seated rows may be performed safely at home or in a gym,
there are not any harmful environmental or situational
factors current required to do the train. The greatest threat involved with seated rows is the
risk of back harm due to improper form.
Search new and fascinating ways to carry out all of your staple
actions so that you just never get stuck ready at the health club, by no means grow bored, and always continue to grow.
Moreover, it could possibly assist improve posture by
strengthening the stabilizing muscles of the backbone.
The major focus of a low row must be on engaging your back muscular tissues somewhat
than relying solely in your biceps for power or energy.
Face pulls are additionally good for your shoulder health
and could assist beat back shoulder joint ache.
It begins on the base of the skull and runs into the mid back and over the collar bones.
Because of its size, the trapezius has higher, middle and lower fibers that always are focused independently in workouts.
The TRX Row is an effective train that can be modified to focus
on completely different muscular tissues, joints, and ranges
of motion. Your shoulder joint shall be flexed as you pull yourself
up towards the handles while maintaining your elbows close to your sides all
through each rep. All these muscles work collectively to help stabilize your torso whereas pulling yourself up in opposition to gravity with each repetition of a TRX
row. Lastly, as a result of it is an isolation train with
no momentum involved in its performance, it allows for greater control over every rep; this helps construct muscular endurance over time.
All these muscle tissue work collectively to offer
stability all through your body when you perform this train. In this text, we’ll explore the anatomy of a TRX Row, focus on variations
to problem your self further, and provide different workout routines
that work similar muscle groups. The rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis and obliques all make up the belly wall.
The higher trapezius muscular tissues originate on the base of your cranium, extend down the neck, and connect
to the collarbone. The main muscle teams which may be activated during the Seated Cable Row are the posterior chain muscular tissues.
Here are a couple of workouts you could possibly use as a alternative.
One of the indicators of a weight that’s too heavy is leaning back excessively on the top of
the movement. Whereas likelihood is that your back will move a bit all through the exercise, you need to minimize that
as a lot as possible—otherwise, you threat straining your decrease back.
Strengthening not simply the lats but the again generally may also
improve your posture, supplying you with a taller and extra confident look.
It’s when the chest is raised that the lower again (spinal erectors) become concerned within the raise.
When you’re rowing, your body naturally tries to make use of as many pulling muscle tissue as
possible, including your biceps and forearms, which may
reduce the effectiveness of your again muscular tissues.
Like the Seated Cable Row, Dumbbell One Arm Rows goal the
latissimus dorsi (lats), the rhomboids, and the biceps, making them an efficient train for constructing strength and hypertrophy.
These do a great job of targeting both the core and the back—especially the lower back (something
that the seated cable row misses for the most part).
Further, if you’re coaching an elderly pop, sitting down could be much safer
when they begin coaching to mitigate any threat from possible steadiness issues.
Performing the excessive row is relatively simple, however there are some
key points you have to comply with. Right Here is
a full rationalization of how to carry out the machine high row and what to look out for.
This is a superb way to build energy and muscle mass in your upper body.
By understanding the anatomy of the rowing motion, you presumably can better perceive tips on how to engage your muscles when performing rows.
Whether you’re looking to construct strength
or enhance posture, rows are an efficient approach to work out your again muscle tissue.
With proper kind and technique, this train will allow you to attain your
health objectives very quickly. The seated row exercise on the
machine is an effective, yet, simple method to strengthen the muscles of the
higher again. Since the movement path is pre-determined, the first focus may be positioned on feeling the contraction of the muscles somewhat than the complicated motor movements
involved with different back exercises. As with all
other rowing workouts, it’s important that the motion is initiated by retracting the shoulder blades previous to bending the arms.
Limit their involvement and raise the burden with your back muscular tissues as a substitute.
If biceps are fatigued while performing seated cable rows, method might have adjusting.
Make sure the movement begins and ends with retraction and protraction of
shoulder blades somewhat than pulling with the arms.
Nonetheless, the previous requires you to stay bent over, which engages your core
stabilizer, whereas there might be constant pressure in your again all through the vary of movement on the
latter.
Begin with a weight stack that allows you to give attention to
correct row form without overloading your stabilizer
muscle tissue. Experiment with underhand grip, wide grip, and impartial grip to search out
the best grip on your body and power coaching routine.
Focus on main with your elbows as you row, which helps have interaction your
lats and upper again muscles extra successfully. As you pull the cable towards your torso, these muscular tissues work alongside your higher back muscles and
lats to execute the motion effectively.
Here are two tips you ought to use instantly that can make a noticeable distinction the next time you do
a row. These muscle tissue aren’t only a single entity; they’re a strong group of deep muscle
tissue and tendons running from the bottom of your cranium right down to your lower
again and sacrum. I’ll also breakdown the train step-by-step so you’ll have the ability to
lift with confidence. I’m going to cover two of crucial ways you presumably can change up your form to
execute a perfect Seated Cable Row each time. Get access to the latest
well being and fitness insights, instruments and particular offers to maintain your profession moving.
The dumbbell row presents an extended vary of motion, similar to the cable row.
Since you’re working with one facet at a time, it’s potential to work on any difference between the perimeters.
This is a variation of the cable shut grip seated row the place you goal the higher again a bit extra,
and your biceps a bit less. Sit along with your ft
flat on the platform and your knees barely bent. Maintain your chest up, shoulders
back, and down, avoiding any rounding of the shoulders.
This optimal position stabilizes your scapula, ensuring
correct muscle engagement.
It’s a extremely efficient method to work the muscular tissues in your back and arms, making it a stable substitute for the seated cable row.
The primary benefit of the barbell row is that it doesn’t require a cable
row machine. All you need is a barbell and a few plates, making it perfect should you prepare at
home with a limited quantity of kit. Low rows may
be accomplished with dumbbells, barbells or cable machines and can help improve posture as properly as improve energy.
Performing the lat pulldown exercise with shoulder width/underhand grip will draw
extra recruitment from the biceps as nicely as the muscular tissues down the middle of the back.
Reverse grip bent over rows involve pulling the bar
into your stomach.
Frequent errors when performing the Cable High Row embody leaning back too far, using an excessive quantity of weight which may compromise form, and never pulling the
handles all the way to your higher waist. At All Times concentrate on sustaining a sluggish,
controlled movement and avoid dashing the exercise.
This exercise involves pulling a weight toward your body while maintaining your torso stationary and interesting your core
muscles to maintain stability.
For those who perform upper/lower exercise splits, you’ll potentially embody this exercise in your higher body workout days.
Again, where the train falls within the order
of your workouts will depend on your goals and the opposite exercises
you have listed to carry out. If you’d prefer to see more upper body workouts concentrating on the
chest, back and shoulders, make certain to take a glance
at the Higher Physique Lifts section of our Exercise Library.
There you’ll find dozens of exercises, all with full step-by-step instructions.
Initiate the motion by partaking your back, but hold your upper arms parallel to the floor all through the motion. The handles of the
grip should go round your face on the peak of the train.
It’s the standing machine high row and easily has you stand while performing the movement.
Because you’re standing, you are going to pull the burden down much
lower, likely to your abdomen. The machine excessive
row is unique as pulling at an angle can’t be duplicated with free weights.
Weakness or dysfunction in these muscular tissues may
end up in rounded shoulders, forward head posture, and exaggerated curvature
of the higher backbone,” Gallucci explains. Strengthening your rhomboids, then again, might help improve posture, especially in your higher again, neck, and head, he says. This variation focuses on one arm at a time which helps isolate all sides of the physique evenly.
The again muscular tissues interact when pulling on the cable, resistance band, or dumbbell, thus making it strictly a pull exercise with the added benefit of partaking the muscles again during release. Since there are several variations for a seated row, together with the single-arm Smith Machine Row and standing rows, you don’t completely want a cable row to carry out seated rows. For a conventional seated row, the principle equipment wanted features a weighted deal with, a cable row machine, a wide row machine, dumbbells, or a resistance band. The RM (repetition maximum) refers again to the most weight you’ll find a way to maintain or raise.
Seated cable rows are normally thought-about a reasonable to high-volume exercise, so you possibly can shoot for 3 or 4 sets of 8 to 12 reps. Coaching one aspect at a time and including a rotational element permits for a bigger range of motion and contraction. Not to mention, it helps to construct unilateral improvement that will increase core engagement and allows you to determine and proper left to proper imbalances. You also can load this exercise heavy to maximise the power and muscle-building potential possible with this movement. No matter which version of the seated cable row you’re doing, you’re going to slender in on two of the most important muscle groups in your again.
The one-arm cable row is likely considered one of the greatest variations of the cable row motion, which trains the muscular tissues of the higher again one aspect at a time. The chest-supported cable row is performed on a weighted horizontal cable machine with a bench. Seated cable rows are a superb cable train for building middle back muscle tissue, which additionally work on the decrease again. Final, however actually not least, cable rows work the erector spinae, that are three muscle tissue that assist lengthen the backbone and keep your torso upright. The three erector spinae muscular tissues embrace the Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis. Cable rows work the rear delt, a superficial muscle appearing as a primary mover of the shoulder. The rear delt mainly performs horizontal abduction and assists with extension and exterior rotation.
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